Gyeongju

• Gyeongju (경주): is known as "the museum without walls," is a historic city in southeastern South Korea. As the ancient capital of the Silla Kingdom (57 BC – 935 AD), it's filled with treasures like the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Bulguksa Temple and Seokguram Grotto. With royal tombs, ancient observatories, and traditional architecture, Gyeongju offers a unique glimpse into Korea's rich cultural heritage, seamlessly blending history with natural beauty.

Here are some highlights and things to do at Gyeongju:

1. Travel by Train & Bus: From Seoul, the fastest way is to take the KTX (Korea Train Express), which takes about 2 hours. The train arrives at Gyeongju Station (경주역), from where a short bus ride will take you to the city center. From Busan, you can also take the KTX or SRT (Super Rapid Train), which takes about 34 minutes. From the station, a local bus will transport you to downtown Gyeongju. Unfortunately, there are no international airports directly to Gyeongju, so the best way to travel is by train and bus.

2. Bulguksa Temple (불국사, 1st image below): As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Bulguksa Temple is one of Korea's most iconic Buddhist temples. It was originally built in the 8th century during the Silla Dynasty and showcases stunning architecture, intricate stone carvings, and beautiful pagodas. The temple complex is set against a picturesque mountain backdrop and is a peaceful place for reflection and admiration.

3. Seokguram Grotto (석굴암, 2nd image below): Located on the slopes of Mount Toham (토함산), Seokguram Grotto is another UNESCO World Heritage Site. This stone grotto houses a magnificent seated Buddha statue surrounded by bodhisattvas and guardians. The grotto, an architectural masterpiece from the Silla era, is renowned for its exquisite craftsmanship and serene atmosphere. A visit to both sites offers a profound glimpse into Korea's ancient Buddhist culture.

4. Daereungwon Tomb Complex (대릉원): This park is home to a large collection of ancient royal tombs, known as tumuli, from the Silla Dynasty. The burial mounds are scattered across a beautifully landscaped area, creating a serene and historic setting. One of the most famous tombs, Cheonmachong (천마총, Heavenly Horse Tomb), is open to the public and allows visitors to explore its interior, where artifacts such as golden crowns, jewelry, and pottery have been discovered. The complex provides a fascinating look into the burial practices and royal life of ancient Korea.

5. Cheomseongdae Observatory (첨성대, 3rd image below): Known as the oldest surviving astronomical observatory in East Asia, Cheomseongdae was built during the reign of Queen Seondeok in the 7th century. The cylindrical structure is made of 362 granite stones, representing the days of the lunar year. It was used for observing the stars and predicting celestial events. The observatory's unique design and historical significance make it a must-visit site for history enthusiasts and stargazers alike.

6. Gyochon Hanok Village (교촌한옥마을): This traditional village is a well-preserved area where visitors can experience the charm of Joseon Dynasty-era hanok (한옥, traditional Korean houses). The village is home to the Choi family clan and showcases beautifully restored hanok buildings, cultural exhibitions, and traditional crafts. Visitors can participate in hands-on activities like tea ceremonies, calligraphy, and hanbok (traditional Korean clothing) fitting. The village provides an immersive experience of Korea's traditional way of life.

7. Donggung Palace & Wolji Pond (동궁과 월지): Once part of the ancient palace complex, Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond (formerly known as Anapji Pond) are remnants of the Silla Kingdom. The palace served as the residence for the crown prince, and the pond was a picturesque garden built for royal leisure. The site is especially enchanting at night when the buildings and pond are illuminated, creating a magical reflection on the water. The serene beauty and historical ambiance make it a perfect spot for a leisurely stroll.

8. Gyeongju National Park (경주국립공원): This national park encompasses several of Gyeongju's historical sites and natural landscapes, offering ample opportunities for hiking and enjoying nature. The park includes scenic trails, lush forests, and mountain peaks such as Namsan Mountain (남산), which is dotted with ancient Buddhist statues, carvings, and pagodas. The park's diverse flora and fauna, along with its cultural heritage, provide a perfect blend of natural beauty and historical exploration.

9. Hotels: There are various hotels in Gyeongju, ranging from budget to luxury options.

10. Guesthouses: For a more authentic experience, consider staying in a traditional Korean guesthouse (minbak).

11. Homestays: Another option is to stay with a local family for a more immersive experience.

12. Local Cuisine: Try traditional Korean dishes like bibimbap (비빔밥), kimchi, and various street foods.

13. Specialties: Gyeongju is known for its seafood, so be sure to try some fresh catches from the coast.

14. Public Transportation: Buses and taxis are readily available for getting around the city.

15. Renting a Car: If you prefer more flexibility, renting a car is a good option to explore the surrounding areas.

16. Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of local customs and traditions, especially when visiting temples and historical sites.

Birdy Korea Travel Tip: Gyeongju is a treasure trove of history and culture, making it a perfect destination for anyone interested in Korea's past. Before planning your trip, try to avoid April or May, as this is the peak time for Suhak Yeohaeng (수학여행), which are school trips for students to learn outside the classroom at historical, cultural, and natural sites. Every school in South Korea holds these trips during this season. However, if you don't mind traveling during this busy time and want to see how local students learn and explore the historic culture, visiting during these months might offer a unique experience.